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Authors
Liu, Peng
Yuan, Minge https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7193-1616
Duan, Yaqing
Li, Zhuan
Yuan, Yuqing
Xiao, Peng
Sun, Houli
Jing, Yue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52473340)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ20042)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80372)
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. Scientific and Technological Research and Development Plan (P2023J040)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed. No conflict of interest is involved in this work.
