Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB3704202)
R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM 202110005010)
Beijing Lab Project for Modern Transportation Metallic Materials
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.