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Authors
Zhang, Junjie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-0680
Liu, Shuoling
Zhang, Tongzhe
Shi, Yuchen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-8043
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Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Conflict of interest
: Shuoling LIU is a guest editor of the Special Feature on Theories and Applications of Financial Large Models of Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering ; he was not involved with the peer review process of this paper. All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
