Wu, Qilin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5737-1323
He, Chaofan
Qiao, Tianhong
Chen, Yuewei https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7152-8496
Shen, Hongyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-1950
Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
: Conflict of interest YH is a deputy editor of Bio-Design and Manufacturing and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.