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Authors
Ye, Enru https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5177-0551
He, Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5792-938X
Zhang, Lingna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-4376
He, Chaofan
Zhou, Qiuju
Xu, Juan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7551-2051
Gan, Meifu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-100X
He, Yong
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 25 October 2025
Declarations
: Conflict of interest YH is an associate editor for Bio-Design and Manufacturing and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Ethical approval This study utilized human clinical samples, and all experiments were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Approval No. K20250330). Written informed consent (both for participation and publication) was obtained from each patient or the patient’s legal guardian.
