Wang, Baocheng https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1277-4401
Kong, Depeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-2720
Yang, Huayong
Xu, Kaichen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-3144
Yang, Geng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-5426
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflict of interest HYY is an editor-in-chief of Bio-Design and Manufacturing ( BDM ). KCX is an academic editor of BDM . GY is an associate editor of BDM , and he is also a guest editor of the Special Column on AI-Powered Biofabrication of BDM . They were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.