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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 20 September 2025

First Online: 14 March 2026

Declarations

: Conflict of interest HZZ is a young academic editor of Bio-Design and Manufacturing and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

: Use of generative AI tools During the preparation of this work, the authors used DeepSeek to improve language and readability and check for grammatical errors. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.