Zhou, Xianhao
Zhang, Zhenrui
Yu, Jintian
Ma, Lixi
Ma, Sicheng
Wu, Bingyan
Wang, Zixuan
Zhang, Ting
Fang, Yongcong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-9474
Xiong, Zhuo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9205-086X
Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflict of interest ZX is an editorial board member of Bio-Design and Manufacturing ( BDM ). TZ is an associate editor of BDM . YCF is a guest editor of the Special Column on AI-Powered Biofabrication of BDM . They were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Ethical approval This study does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.