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Article History

Received: 24 July 2024

Accepted: 18 December 2024

First Online: 24 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval was obtained through the Providence Health Care/University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board as part of a larger drug checking program evaluation.

: Not applicable; this study used secondary data from ongoing drug checking services.

: Not applicable.

: Wood is a physician who works for Vancouver Coastal Health in the area of withdrawal management and undertakes work in the area of occupational addiction medicine. He is also a professor of medicine based at the University of British Columbia (UBC), a position supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Tier 1 Canada Research Chair, and has received salary support from an R01 from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, paid to UBC. Wood’s research lab is further supported by CIHR grants to the Canadian Research Initiative in Substance Misuse. Wood has also undertaken consulting work in legal matters related to substance use disorders and formerly for a mental health company called Numinus Wellness, where he was previously the chief medical officer; he has also received compensation in the form of equity in Numinus. Wood reports receiving honoraria for non-industry-related academic lectures and conference presentations. He has also received payment for expert reports and expert testimony in legal matters pertaining to substance use disorder, including from the Canadian Medical Protective Association and from trade unions representing workers with possible substance use disorder. Wood has received travel support from CIHR. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.