Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (Postdoctoral Fellowship Award)
Fondazione Cariplo (2020-1314)
Università degli Studi di Milano
Article History
Received: 17 April 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 26 August 2026
Change Date: 12 September 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: This article was updated to add affiliation 3 (POLHIS - Research Center for the Ethics and Politics of Health Data Ecosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy) for authors Joseph Donia and Luca Marelli.
Declarations
Ethical approval and informed consent: Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Milan Research Ethics Committee ( parere 8/24 of 16/01/2024) .
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.