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Article History

Accepted: 1 November 2024

First Online: 27 January 2025

Declarations

:

: All experiments and protocols were approved by the Behavioral and Social Sciences Institutional Review Board at The Ohio State University, and participants were treated in accordance with the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Participants in all experiments gave their informed consent at the beginning of the experiment.

: Participants in all experiments consented to the publication of their de-identified data.

: The sample sizes, method, and analyses for Experiments and were pre-registered, with links provided in each respective experiment. Any deviations from the pre-registration plans are noted within each experiment.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.