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Article History

Accepted: 14 February 2025

First Online: 4 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of California State University San Marcos (Ethics approval number: 1873352–1).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: As part of consent procedures, participants acknowledged “The responses collected from the study may be used in publications, reports, and presentations. However, your name will not be used.” The data reported here are in the aggregate and thus are not tied to any of the participants’ names.

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: The materials for the experiment are available by contacting the corresponding author. The experiment was preregistered (), and the data for the analyses are available ().