Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 109-2410-H-006-049-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2410-H-006 -129 -MY3)
Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of National Cheng Kung University (ID: 109-257).
: All participants provided written informed consent prior to participating in the study, including all three experiments.
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.