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Article History

Received: 17 October 2024

Accepted: 27 August 2025

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Approval was obtained from the Human Subjects Protection Program at the University of Arizona. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The bipartite stimuli are available online ( ). The remaining data, materials, and code for the experiment are available upon request. The experiment was not preregistered.