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Article History

Accepted: 6 February 2025

First Online: 18 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval (19/CEN/179) was obtained from the Health & Disability Ethics Committee, New Zealand, and the Ngāi Tahu Research Consultation Committee was consulted.

: At the initial meeting, a male PhD student 1) provided each potential participant with a paper copy of the participant information sheet written in English, 2) queried if they had read and understood the document, 3) asked if they had any questions about the study, and 4) requested they sign the informed consent form indicating their willingness to participate. Participants were informed that they could withdraw at any time without giving a reason and that all data collected up to the point of withdrawal could be used in the final analyses.

: Not applicable.

: The data are available in GitHub (). The trial was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR; Trial ID: ACTRN12619001428156), and the full trial protocol has been published previously (Perez et al., , , ).

: MS is the owner of Neurofeedback Therapy Services of New York which provides ISF-NFB therapy for patients and training for clinicians. He created the ISF-NFB software programs for this trial and provided training to the principal investigator in their utilisation. MS did not participate in the trial conceptualisation, design, conduct, or analyses. All other authors declare no competing interests.