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Authors
Qian, Yiming
Guo, Xiyu
Jiang, Minghu
Wan, Xiaoang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72372081)
Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62036001)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards established in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the study.
: Not applicable.
: The study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework ( ), with the associated data and materials also publicly available there.
