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Authors
Lo, Shih-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-8253
Wang, Jen-Chung
Huang, Kuan-Chih https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-8091
Huang, Chih-Mao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-2575
Lin, Chin-Teng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 111-2410-H-A49-065)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2221-E-A49-176-MY2)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2321-B-A49-012)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2410-H-A49-077)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2423-H-A49-003)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2423-H-A49 -001)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2410-H-A49 -081-MY2)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2423-H-A49 -006)
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: The experimental protocol in this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board B of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The data associated with this manuscript do not contain any personally identifiable information.
: The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.
: The data and materials for the experiments reported in this manuscript are not publicly available due to restrictions imposed by the ethics committee of the corresponding author’s institution but may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and with permission of the ethics committee. None of the experiments was preregistered.
