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Authors
Bye, Jeffrey Kramer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-3657
Marupudi, Vijay
Koenen, Reba
Park, Jimin
Varma, Sashank
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Huebner Chair in Education and Technology at the University of Minnesota
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Article History
Accepted: 25 October 2024
First Online: 17 January 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board (STUDY00009502).
: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
: All authors provide consent for the publication of this manuscript and data.
: We have no known conflicts of interests to disclose. Materials, data, and analysis script are available online ().
: We report how we determined our sample size (see Participants in Methods), all data exclusions (see Analyses in Methods), and all manipulations and measures in the study (see Materials in Methods), and we follow APA’s Journal Article Reporting Standards for Quantitative Design (JARS-Quant; Appelbaum et al., ). All data, analysis code, and research materials are openly available at the Open Science Framework (). The study’s design and analyses were not preregistered; that said, RQs 1–4 followed the same analytic procedures we carried out for our pilot study (Bye et al., ).
: All authors have no competing interests with regards to all aspects of this project and manuscript.
