Couwels, Ibe https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3995-7107
Bjork, Robert A.
Bjork, Elizabeth L.
Craske, Michelle G.
Beckers, Tom
Chalkia, Anastasia
Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the KU Leuven Social and Societal Ethics Committee (G-2022–5985-R2(MAR)).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: In signing the informed consent form, participants agreed to the use of the results of this research for scientific purposes and publication.
: The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.
: The final datasets, analysis scripts and code for the experimental tasks are openly available on the Open Science Framework ( ; ). The protocol and statistical analyses applied in this study were preregistered on AsPredicted ( ).