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Article History

Accepted: 25 January 2025

First Online: 12 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted after obtaining Institutional Review Board approval from the Department of Psychology at Northwest Normal University. We received the written consent of all participants before testing began. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were by the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: All participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.

: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.