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Authors
Zhai, Manman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6305-8715
Hietanen, Jari K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-3775
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council-Tampere University joint scholarship programme (grant #202106750008)
Finnish Research Council (grant #330158)
Tampere University
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Article History
Accepted: 20 April 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Declarations
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: The principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki were followed when conducting this research. The Ethics Committee of Tampere region approved that the present study was exempt from a formal ethical review and evaluated that the present study followed good scientific practice before the submission, and a statement regarding their decision was obtained (Date: 04/06/2024). Consent to participate: Informed consent for participation was obtained from all individual participants in the study.
: Informed consent for publication of findings and anonymized data was obtained from all participants.
: The data and materials for this study are available () and the experiment was not preregistered.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests to this work.
