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Article History

Received: 17 October 2024

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 19 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: This research was approved by Queen’s University’s General Research Ethics Board.

: Informed consent was obtained for all individuals who participated in the study.

: All participants consented to the work being published, and to the de-identified data being publicly available.

: Data for all experiments are available on OSF ( ). Study materials and all analysis scripts will be available upon acceptance. Preregistration for this study can be found at . All deviations from the preregistered plan are explicitly noted in the manuscript and supplementary information.