Seabrooke, Tina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-8389
Modirrousta-Galian, Ariana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-2976
Higham, Philip A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-7224
Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol for the study was approved by the School of Psychology Ethics Committee at the University of Southampton (ID: 79617.A2).
: All participants gave informed consent to participate in this study.
: All participants gave informed consent for publication of their data in a journal.
: This study was preregistered prior to data collection. The timestamped preregistration, data, analytic code, and materials needed to replicate this study are available on the Open Science Framework ( ).