Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Fawcett, Jonathan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-5371
Roberts, Brady R. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-8805
Hu, Siyue
Thoms, Cayley
Whitridge, Jedidiah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-4977
MacLeod, Colin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-7362
Willoughby, Hannah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5532
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2017-05250)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The procedures for these experiments received approval from the Interdisciplinary Committee on Ethics in Human Research at <location redacted for anonymity> (Protocol #20171484-SC).
: All participants included in our analyses consented to participate in this study following local policies and guidelines.
: All participants included in our analyses consented to have work derived from their data published (and their anonymized data made publicly available) and all authors have read and consented to publication.
: The authors report no conflicts of interest or competing interests.
: Data are available via the Open Science Framework (OSF) at: or GitHub at: pages for this project. No studies were pre-registered.
: This research was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant RGPIN-2017-05250 to JMF and an NSERC postdoctoral scholarship to BRTR. This work comprised the honors thesis completed by Cayley Thoms. Parts of this work were presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science (in 2025) and at multiple in-house conferences at Memorial University of Newfoundland.
