Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 July 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: This research received approval from the Social Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board (protocol #2115).

: All participants provided informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The hypotheses, methods, and analysis plan were preregistered ( ) prior to data collection. All pre-registered analyses were performed. Additional exploratory analyses, not preregistered, were also performed. All study data, materials, and code are publicly available (osf.io/y5ac8).