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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: We declare no conflict of interests for this research.

: Ethics approval was not necessary for this research as the experimental protocol was in accordance with the ethics guidelines of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of the University where the research was conducted.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before they started the experiment. Participants gave digital consent by reading the consent form and ticking the boxes confirming they give consent to participate in the study before the experiment started.

: We did not ask for consent for publication of data for this study. The data were collected from Prolific and are completely anonymized.

: All materials including scripts for programming the experiments and scripts for data analysis and the anonymized data are available on the OSF at: . The experiments were programmed using the free and open online experiment builder lab.js (Henninger et al., 2024). Data analyses and plotting were conducted using open-source R and the R-packages.