Kumle, Levi
Li, Amy X.
Kovoor, Joel
Rock, Amelia G.
Hesselink, Emily
Jones, Ellen
Brosnan, Méadhbh B.
Nobre, Anna C.
Draschkow, Dejan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (Core Funding for Wellcome Centre for Integrative N)
Wellcome Trust (Senior Investigator Award (104571/Z/14/Z))
Clarendon Fund (Studentship to AXL)
Clarendon Fund (Studentship to LK)
Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: The research protocol was approved by the Central University Research Ethics Committee, University of Oxford (#R64089/RE001).
Consent to participate: Participants provided informed consent prior to taking part.
Consent for publication: Participants provided informed consent for their data to be included in publications. All authors consent to publication of the manuscript in its present form.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest .
Open practices statement: The data and materials for all experiments are available via the Open Science Framework ( ) and Study 3 was preregistered ( ).