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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Mannheim
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Article History
Accepted: 5 February 2025
First Online: 1 April 2025
Declarations
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: We have no competing interests to disclose.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: We have published the article as a preprint on PsyArXiv () and advertised it on ResearchGate and Twitter. We have also published a previous version of this article on MADOC (), an online repository of the University of Mannheim, as part of Katharina Groskurth’s doctoral thesis. Further, we narratively presented prior versions of this article at three online conferences in 2021: (1) Meeting of the Working Group on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) on March 18–19, 2021, (2) International Meeting of the Psychometric Society (IMPS) on July 19–23, 2021, and (3) the 15th Conference of the Section ‘Methods and Evaluation’ in the German Psychological Society (FGME) on September 15–17, 2021. We confirm that this article has not been externally presented, submitted, or published elsewhere.
