Buchanan, Erin M.
Elsherif, Mahmoud M.
Geller, Jason
Aberson, Chris L.
Gurkan, Necdet
Ambrosini, Ettore
Heyman, Tom
Montefinese, Maria
Vanpaemel, Wolf
Barzykowski, Krystian
Batres, Carlota
Fellnhofer, Katharina
Huang, Guanxiong
McFall, Joseph
Ribeiro, Gianni
Röer, Jan P.
Ulloa, José L.
Roettger, Timo B.
Valentine, K. D.
Visalli, Antonino
Schmidt, Kathleen
Vasilev, Martin R.
Viviani, Giada
Miranda, Jacob F.
Lewis, Savannah C.
Article History
Received: 29 December 2023
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The researchers declare no conflicts of interest. Erin Buchanan is a co-editor of Behavior Research Methods but had no involvement in the review process or the editorial decision for this manuscript.
: Not applicable, simulation study.
: Not applicable, simulation study.
: All authors approved the manuscript, no participant approval necessary.
: No materials were used.
: Manuscript repository with code and data: or Package repository with vignettes and data:
: We did not pre-register this study, as it was a simulation study.