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Authors
Nyström, Marcus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-9012
Niehorster, Diederick C.
Hessels, Roy S.
Andersson, Richard
Skrok, Marta K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-9595
Konklewski, Robert https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6478-043X
Stremplewski, Patrycjusz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-4397
Nowakowski, Maciej https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-121X
Lipiński, Jakub https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-5321
Tamborski, Szymon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3636-5824
Szkulmowska, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-0829
Szkulmowski, Maciej https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-0524
Hooge, Ignace T. C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Foundation for Polish Science (POIR.04.04.00-00-2070/16-00)
The National Science Centre (2023/51/B/ST7/02787)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: RA is since 2017 an employee of Tobii AB. MNo, AS, JL, and MS are co-owners, and RK and JL are employees of Inoko Vision. Authors DN and MN are full owners of eye tracking consulting companies (DC Target AB and Emnys Consulting AB, respectively). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz (consent number: KB 763/2019).
: Participants were authors on the paper who gave their consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: Due to data protection rules, the data cannot be made available, but documented code for analyses in this article is available from and is illustrated with a separate recording made for illustrative purposes. The experiment was not preregistered.
