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Authors
Bögemann, S. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9382-0769
Krause, F.
van Kraaij, A.
Marciniak, M. A.
van Leeuwen, J. M.
Weermeijer, J.
Mituniewicz, J.
Puhlmann, L. M. C.
Zerban, M.
Reppmann, Z. C.
Kobylińska, D.
Yuen, K. S. L.
Kleim, B.
Walter, H.
Myin-Germeys, I.
Kalisch, R.
Veer, I. M.
Roelofs, K.
Hermans, E. J.
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committees of all participating sites: the Ethics Committee of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Medical Ethical Committee of Radboud University Medical Center (METC Oost-Nederland), Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Ethics Committee of the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and the Helsinki Committee of Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center; the Ethics Committee of the State Medical Board of Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany; the Ethics Committee for Scientific Research at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw (Komisja Etyki Badań Naukowych Wydziału Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego), Warsaw, Poland.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.
: Participants consented to the publication of their anonymized data for research purposes.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. RK has received advisory honoraria from JoyVentures, Herzlia, Israel.
: The pseudonymized, preprocessed data and analysis scripts are available at OSF ( ), as well as additional supplemental information ( ). The study was not preregistered in an independent registry, although the analysis plan was prespecified and published in the protocol paper (Bögemann et al., ) prior to data analysis.
