Grund, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-8986
Lüdtke, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-3059
Robitzsch, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-3132
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Hamburg
Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The computer code for the simulations is available on the OSF platform ( ).