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Authors
Ergin, Irmak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-8881
Kries, Jill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-7413
Gupta, Shiven
Papworth Burrel, Maria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2980-6364
Gwilliams, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-588X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
LG: BRAIN Foundation (A-0741551370)
Whitehall Foundation (2024-08-04)
Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: This project was approved under a Stanford IRB protocol. All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study and for the publication of their data.
: No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
: As mentioned in the “ ” section, we initially explored the use of generative AI for preparing multiple-choice questions but ultimately abandoned this approach. During the preparation of this manuscript, AI-assisted technologies were used only for minor editing purposes (e.g., suggestions for grammar correction). All content was prepared and reviewed by the authors.
