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Article History

Received: 9 July 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This tutorial re-uses open data from previous studies (Strickland et al., ; Boag et al., , ) for illustrative purposes. The original data were collected with approval from the University of Western Australia’s Human Research Ethics Office.

: This tutorial re-uses open data from previous studies (Strickland et al., ; Boag et al., , ) for illustrative purposes. All participants in those studies provided informed consent.

: Not applicable; all data are de-identified.

: The code and data discussed in the manuscript are available on the Open Science Framework under files for the following project: . No experiments discussed in the manuscript were pre-registered.

: This research was supported by an ARC DECRA fellowship awarded to Strickland, DE230100171, and an Australia-US Multi-University Research Initiative grant (DSTG AUSMURIV000003, ONR/DoD N00014-23-1-2792) to AH and supporting RB. Computational analyses were supported by resources provided by the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre’s Nimbus Research Cloud ( ), with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia. They were also supported by the ARDC Nectar Research Cloud, a collaborative Australian research platform supported by the NCRIS-funded Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC).

: Luke Strickland is a guest editor of Behavior Research Methods but had no involvement in the review process or the editorial decision for this manuscript.