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Authors
Veltri, Giuseppe Alessandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9472-2236
Banerjee, Sanchayan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-0429
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Trento
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval: Not applicable. The analyses use synthetic simulations and a semi-synthetic benchmark based on a publicly available secondary dataset; no new human participants were recruited, and no new primary data were collected.
Consent to participate: Not applicable. No new human participants were recruited; the semi-synthetic benchmark uses publicly available secondary data as an analytic scaffold.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No identifying participant information is reported.
Software availability: All analyses were conducted in R. We provide bridgeR , an open-source package that implements the BriDGE workflow used here (data generation, constrained MMHC discovery, GAM estimation, and mediation with bootstrap inference). The code used for the simulation and all figures and tables is included as package vignettes. The R code is available at this link .
