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Journal Name: Indian Journal of Signal Processing (IJSP)

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Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP)

Declaration

Data Access Statement and Material Availability: The datasets used in this study are publicly available from their respective repositories: CASIA Iris Database (Version 3) – available through the CASIA Centre for Biometrics and Security Research (CBSR): http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/, NIST Special Database 14 – available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): https://www.nist.gov/srd/nist special-database-14

Conflicts of Interest: Based on my understanding, this article has no conflicts of interest.

Funding Support: This article has not been funded by any organizations or agencies. This independence ensures that the research is conducted with objectivity and without any external influence.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate: The content of this article does not necessitate ethical approval or consent to participate with supporting documentation.

Authors Contributions: Each author has individually contributed to the article. The research was conceptualised by S. Ramesh (S.R.) and V. Krishnaveni (V.K.), with the methodology jointly developed by both authors. S.R. conducted validation, while S.R. Implementation and visualisation also performed formal analysis, investigation, and data curation. The original draft of the manuscript was prepared by S.R., with review and editing contributed by V.K. Supervision and project administration were undertaken by V.K. and S.R.