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Authors
Tarkan, Esraa Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-0790
Msallam, Mohammed M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-117X
Salim, Sarah K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-1773
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Revised: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2026
Declarations
Authors' contribution: Mohammed M. Msallam conceived and designed the model of CNN and the experiments, performed the experiments, and performed the computation work. Esraa Y. Tarkan prepared figures and tables, authored and reviewed drafts of the article. Sarah K. Salim analyzed the data, ensuring the accuracy of the results, and approved the final draft.
Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
